International trade | World Trade | global trade policies | Date of international trade

 trade in commercial services trade in commercial services Once again, Europe is the world’s biggest trading region, accounting for over half of commercial services exports and just under half the world’s imports. Trade in services is similar to agriculture in that it is highly concentrated among a small group of countries. The developed...

Commercial services in international trade Commercial services in international trade Another factor to consider in this type of trade is that it is harder to measure services and their value than it is to measure goods. Restaurants and their staff, for example, may not include tips in their bookkeeping or tax returns. And the spread of Internetbased services...

The volume of international trade in services The volume of international trade in services The low volume of trade in services compared with merchandise may seem surprising, given that most jobs in OECD economies and many other countries are now in (services), and services account for 50 OECD Insights: International Trade 70% of the total...

Production and international trade Production and international trade The last half century has seen an increase in the trade in part and components, and the related international fragmentation of production helps explain why trade is growing faster than GDP. Actual physical production cannot be done without the logistics, accountancy, banking,...

Trade in services Trade in services No systematic evidence exists on the factors determining fragmentation. But data on quality of infrastructure, the institutional environment and administrative costs indicate that low-income countries are poorly placed to participate in production networks, despite their advantage in terms of costs. If it’s hard...

Economy and trade costs Economy and trade costs Recent economic literature has also looked at the impact of falling (trade costs) on the location of production, focusing on the location of different production stages. In particular, this strand of literature predicts that a reduction in trade costs leads to greater fragmentation of production,...

evolution of the economy in international trade evolution of the economy At the same time, there are other forces working against agglomeration, so-called (centrifugal forces) that encourage economic activity to spread out geographically. (Trade) has a crucial influence in deciding which tendency will dominate at a given stage in the evolution...

Modelling trade flows trade flows Literature on the analysis of trade flows often refers to computable general equilibrium (CGE) and gravity models. The CGE models use detailed information on the structures of selected economies and policies, and integrate them in a multi-country, multi-sector, “marketclearing” framework with a...

Agglomeration effects and global value chains global value chains Despite globalisation of (supply chains and sales), many industries tend to be concentrated in certain places or locales, suggesting that there are economic benefits from firms being located in close proximity to one another. The concentration of computer-related activities...

Volumes in international trade Volumes in international trade There has been a spectacular increase in the number of global supply chains created in recent years and in the volumes passing through existing chains. One of the forces driving this growth has been cheaper, more efficient communications and office technology. This enables...

Supply chains in international trade Supply chains in international trade Supply chains have become much more complex in recent decades. The computer chip manufacturer, Intel, might commission a Swedish firm of engineers to design a new chip. The design is emailed to a chip manufacturer in Taipei who exports  45  (OECD Insights:...